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Context: Early intervention, and parent-mediated intervention are effective in achieving early childhood development goals for children with autism spectrum disorder. There is a surge in mHealth technologies delivering such interventions. This review aims to explore the concept, context and methodology of implementation of such mHealth apps. Evidence Acquisition: A search was conducted using NICE (National Institute of Clinical Excellence) healthcare database, including keyword ‘early intervention,’ ‘mHealth,’ ‘parent support,’ ‘apps,’ and ‘autism.’ The quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, case reports, grey literature, systematic reviews, clinical trials, and feasibility studies of children between 2 to 6 years with ASD were included from inception of database to December, 2021. Web/ Internet-based or computer-dependent programs were excluded. The initial search yielded 3786 studies; 17 were finally included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: Studies on a total of mhealth apps were reviewed. Nine apps, apart from TOBY (Therapy outcome by you), lacked a holistic approach and instead targeted a specific difficulty in autism. The provision of support to parents using apps was equally beneficial as in-person support, reduced costs, and improved outcomes in children. Conclusion: The review revealed limited evidence-based mHealth apps available currently in a community setting. This also underscores an opportunity for clinicians to re-direct parents towards evidence-based information and interventions.
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Resumo Este estudo analisou a relação entre suporte parental e habilidade de reconhecer expressões faciais emocionais em pré-adolescentes através de uma revisão integrativa de pesquisas empíricas dos últimos dez anos. Foram encontradas 12 publicações, as quais utilizaram principalmente tarefas computadorizadas para avaliar o reconhecimento de expressões faciais, sendo a maioria estudos transversais. Houve uma associação de práticas parentais positivas com uma melhor habilidade de reconhecimento de expressões faciais dos filhos, assim como aspectos negativos da parentalidade estiveram associados a um pior reconhecimento de expressões faciais e a um favorecimento do reconhecimento de expressões negativas, sendo que alguns resultados foram contraditórios. Discute-se a importância desta habilidade para o desenvolvimento infanto-juvenil e destacam-se lacunas metodológicas e sugestões para avançar os estudos na área.
Abstract This study analyzed the relationship between parental support and the ability to recognize emotional facial expressions in pre-adolescents through an integrative review of empirical research in the last ten years. Twelve publications were found, which mainly used computerized tasks to evaluate the recognition of facial expressions, most of which were cross-sectional studies. There was an association of positive parental practices with better ability to recognize children's facial expressions, as well as negative aspects of parenting were associated with worse recognition of facial expressions and favoring the recognition of negative expressions, with some of these results presenting contradictions. It discusses the importance of this ability for the development of youth, highlights methodological gaps and suggestions to advance studies in the area.
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As funções executivas (FEs) são um conjunto de habilidades mentais que permitem ao indivíduo regular o comportamento e o pensamento com o objetivo de atingir metas. Na relação entre pais e filhos as práticas parentais de suporte têm fator de impacto positivo no desenvolvimento das FEs. Dentre as atividades comuns à criança, a tarefa escolar, quando mediada pelo suporte parental, pode ter relação com o funcionamento executivo infantil. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar a associação entre o suporte oferecido por pais na tarefa escolar e o desempenho nas FEs nucleares (controle inibitório, memória de trabalho e flexibilidade cognitiva) de seu filho. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 62 díades de pais e sua criança, com idades entre 7 e 9 anos, alunos de duas escolas particulares. Os pais responderam ao Questionário de Suporte Parental, enquanto as FEs das crianças foram avaliadas por três instrumentos: Tarefa de Fluência Verbal Livre, Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para Crianças - Subteste Dígitos, Teste dos Cinco Dígitos e Neupsilin-Inf - Subteste Span de Pseudopalavras. Os resultados da Análise de Correlação de Pearson entre o suporte parental e as FEs indicaram correlação significativa e positiva, embora de baixa magnitude, entre organização e flexibilidade cognitiva e correlação negativa entre planejamento e flexibilidade cognitiva. Discute-se a possibilidade de que a qualidade, em detrimento da frequência do suporte parental durante a realização da tarefa escolar, tenha maior impacto no funcionamento executivo das crianças.
Executive functions (EFs) are a set of mental abilities that allow the individual to regulate behavior and thinking to achieve goals. In the relationship between parents and children, supportive parenting practices positively impact the development of EFs. Among the activities common to children, homework, when mediated by parental support, may be related to children's executive functioning. The objective of this research was to verify the association between the support offered by parents in the homework and the performance in the core EFs (inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility) of their child. This is an exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The participants were 62 dyads of parents and their children, aged between 7 and 9 years, students from two private schools. Parents answered the Parental Support Questionnaire while the children's EFs were assessed by three instruments: Free Verbal Fluency Task, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Digits Subtest, Five Digits Test, and Neupsilin-Inf - Pseudowords Span Subtest. The results of Pearson's Correlation Analysis between parental support and EFs indicate significant and positive correlation, although of low magnitude, between organization and cognitive flexibility and negative correlation between planning and cognitive flexibility. It is discussed the possibility that quality, to the detriment of the frequency of parental support during homework, has a greater impact on children's executive functioning.
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Objective To investigate the effects of parental support for the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of their children and to promote physical activity for children and adolescents. Methods A total of 622 students were selected by stratified clustering sampling methods.Physical activity and parental support factors were assessed by self-report questionnaire survey.Logistic regression was used to analyze determinants of physical inactivity. Results Nearly 58.7% of the parents purchased sports equipment for their children and 57.6% of the parents accompanied their children to do exercise.The rate of parental explicit modeling was 22.8%.The students who received parental logistic support and explicit modeling did longer MVPA on weekends.The students with parental logistic support were prone to be in activity (OR=1.51, 95%CI:1.01-2.27). Conclusion Family-based interventions from parental logistic support and explicit modeling could promote middle-to-high-intensity activities for junior high school students.
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Abstract Objective To analyze the available evidence regarding the efficacy of interventions on parents whose children were aged 2-5 years to promote parental competence and skills for children's healthy lifestyles. Source Articles published in English and Spanish, available at PubMed, Psycinfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Eric, and Cochrane Library were reviewed. Summary of the findings The literature search yielded 2282 articles. Forty-one full texts were retrieved and assessed for inclusion using the PRISMA flow diagram. Twenty-six articles were excluded, as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. In the end, 15 studies were included. The studies were conducted between 2003 and 2016, nine in North America, four in Europe, and two in Asia. Extracted data were synthesized in a tabular format. CASPe guide was used to assess the quality of studies that was moderate overall. Parental self-efficacy was the main construct assessed in most studies. Four studies reported an increase in parental self-efficacy, although most of them were studies without control groups. Conclusions Outcomes of interventions to improve parental competence in order to promote children's lifestyles are promising, but inconsistent. Additional studies with higher methodological and conceptual quality are needed.
Resumo Objetivo Analisar as evidências disponíveis com relação à eficácia de intervenções em pais de filhos entre dois e cinco anos para promover a competência e as habilidades dos pais a respeito de estilos de vida saudáveis para as crianças. Fonte Foram analisados artigos publicados em PubMed, Psycinfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Eric e Biblioteca Cochrane. Inglês e espanhol. Resumo dos achados A pesquisa da literatura encontrou 2.282 artigos; 41 textos completos foram selecionados e avaliados para inclusão com o fluxograma Prisma; 26 artigos foram excluídos, pois não atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Por fim, 15 estudos foram incluídos. Os estudos foram feitos entre 2003 e 2016. Nove estudos foram conduzidos na América do Norte, quatro eram de origem europeia e dois de origem asiática. Os dados extraídos foram sintetizados em formato de tabela. O guia CASPe foi usado para avaliar a qualidade dos estudos, que, em geral, foi moderada. A autoeficácia dos pais foi o principal dado avaliado na maioria dos estudos. Quatro estudos relataram um aumento na autoeficácia dos pais, apesar de que a maioria era de estudos sem grupo de controle. Conclusões Os resultados de intervenções para melhorar a competência dos pais para promover os estilos de vida das crianças são promissores, porém incoerentes. São necessários estudos adicionais com melhor qualidade metodológica e conceitual.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child Welfare , Parenting , Healthy Lifestyle , Health Promotion/methods , Program Evaluation , Health Promotion/standardsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is a striking lack of evidence about parents'/caregivers' influence on their children's dietary intake across Brazil and other middle- and low-income countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the associations between adolescents' dietary intake and home environment, family meals and parental support. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 1418 years old adolescent girls was conducted in 10 public schools in the city of São Paulo. Girls' dietary intake, home food environment, parental support, and family meals' frequency were self-reported by 253 adolescents. Brazilian Food Pyramid recommendation was used as reference for the dietary intake. Linear regressions were used to verify the associations between home environmental, parental support, and family meal frequency with dietary intake. RESULTS: Girls parents' support for healthy eating was positively associated with the fruits group (mean (95%CI) 0.75 (0.66 to 0.84) ß = 0.26,p= 0.003), and the vegetables group (3.40 (3.08 to 3.72, ß = 0.25,p= 0.006)and negatively associated with the meat and eggs group (2.09 (1.93 to 2.25), ß =−0.14,p= 0.041). Home environment was associated with fruits group (0.73 (0.63 to 0.82), ß = 0.35,p= 0.001). The associations between sharing family meals and food groups were not statistically significant. However, girls demonstrated a positive association with dietary intake and sharing family meals. CONCLUSION: Parental support and home food environment were associated with dietary intake of the adolescent girls. Future studies - mainly from low- and middle-income countries - are needed to provide additional evidence on these associations and the effects of youth home environment
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Family , Diet, Healthy/statistics & numerical data , Meals/classificationABSTRACT
La presente revisión de tema ofrece una reflexión descriptiva, desde una perspectiva contextual, sobre la manera probable en la que un contexto de pobreza y de viviendas sociales básicas afecta el self o identidad adolescente. Se piensa que la falta de oportunidades de canalización de intereses, segregación y estigmatización impactan negativamente en el nivel aspiracional, la amplitud de ámbitos de metas, y estrategias de logro de los y las adolescentes, según estándares socialmente hegemónicos (mainstream). La autorrepresentación de sí se verá afectada por la estigmatización socioespacial en caso de comparación con un exogrupo socialmente más prestigioso. Los efectos del barrio deficitario pueden ser moderados por prácticas parentales, y espacios de participación social tendientes a la construcción de identidad positiva. El tema es relevante para una teoría contextual del self y la acción de políticas públicas.
This topical review offers a descriptive reflection within a contextualframework in relation to the probable effects of poverty and public housing on the adolescent self andadolescent identity. The author hypothesizes that the lack of opportunities to channel the interestsof adolescent youth, as well as the social segregation and stigmatization that they suffer from, havenegative effects on their aspirations, goals and plans for realizing their aspirations in accordance with mainstream social standards. Self-representation will be affected by socio-spatial stigmatizationin case of unfavorable comparisons with social groups that have higher status. The negative effectsof living in a deficient neighborhood can be mitigated by parental practices and social participationspaces that contribute to the construction of positive identities. This topic is relevant as a contributionto contextual self theory and public policy.
Apresente revisão de tema oferece uma reflexão descritiva a partir de uma perspectiva contextual sobre a forma provável como um contexto de pobreza e de residências sociais básicas afeta o self ou identidade adolescente. Parte-se da hipótese de que a falta de oportunidades de canalização de interesses, segregação e da estigmatização social impactam negativamente as aspirações, prazos e âmbitos de metas, as estratégias de logros de aspirações do adolescentes, de acordo com o padrão hegemônico. A auto representação se verá afetada pela estigmatização socioespacial no caso de comparação com um grupo externo socialmente mais prestigioso. Os efeitos do bairro deficitário podem ser moderados pelas práticas dos pais, e pelos espaços de participação social tendendo a construção de uma identidade positiva. O tema é relevante para a teoria do self compreendido contextualmente, e para considerá-lo nas políticas sociais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , PovertyABSTRACT
Este estudo teve por objetivo apresentar um programa de intervenção grupal com pais de adolescentes em processo da escolha da carreira. Vinte e dois pais com filhos adolescentes matriculados no ensino médio participaram de oito sessões semanais. A intervenção e análise dos dados foram desenvolvidas com base no referencial teóricometodológico do grupo operativo de Pichon-Rivière. As sessões foram registradas por três observadores e o material coligido foi submetido à análise de conteúdo temática. Desta análise emergiram as categorias: expectativas quanto ao futuro profissional dos filhos, o posicionamento frente ao processo de escolha da carreira, o processo de separação pais-filhos, e as contribuições do Grupo de Orientação de Pais. Os resultados mostram que os pais investiram maciçamente na formação educacional de seus filhos, revelando elevadas expectativas quanto ao seu futuro. Os pais puderam refletir sobre seus sentimentos ambivalentes e ressignificar seu envolvimento nas escolhas iniciais de carreira dos adolescentes. O grupo operativo mostrou ser uma estratégia apropriada para a intervenção, proporcionado a participação mais ativa dos pais no processo de orientação profissional dos filhos.
This study aimed to present a group intervention program with parents of adolescents facing career choice process. Twenty-two parents with teenage children enrolled in high school participated in eight weekly sessions. The intervention and data analysis were developed based on the theoretical-methodological reference of Pichon-Rivière operative group. Sessions were recorded by three observers and the collected material was subjected to the thematic content analysis. From this analysis, the following categories emerged: expectations regarding children´s professional future, the place they assumed when facing the career choice process, the process of parent-child separation, and the contributions of the Parent Guidance Group. Results showed that parents invested heavily in the education background of their children, showing high expectations about their future. Parents were able to reflect on their ambivalent feelings and redefine their involvement in the early career choices of adolescents. The operative group proved to be an appropriate strategy for intervention, providing more active participation of parents in the process of vocational guidance of their children.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar un programa de intervención grupal con los padres de adolescentes en proceso de elección de carrera. Veintidós padres con hijos adolescentes matriculados en la escuela secundaria asistieron ocho sesiones semanales. Se desarrolló el análisis de intervención y los datos basado en el marco teórico y metodológico del grupo operativo de Pichon-Rivière. Las sesiones fueron grabadas por tres observadores y el material obtenido fue sometido a análisis de contenido temático. A partir de este análisis surgieron las siguientes categorías: las expectativas sobre el futuro profesional de los niños, la posición frente al proceso de elección de carrera, el proceso de separación entre padres y hijos, y las contribuciones del Grupo de Orientación de Padres. Los resultados muestran que los padres han invertido mucho en la formación educativa de sus hijos, dejando al descubierto grandes expectativas sobre su futuro. Los padres fueron capaces de reflexionar sobre sus sentimientos ambivalentes y replantear su participación en las elecciones de carrera tempranas de los adolescentes. El grupo operativo demostrado ser una estrategia adecuada para la intervención, proporcionando una participación más activa de los padres en el proceso de orientación profesional de los niños.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Career Choice , Family Relations , Mentors , ParentsABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza las aspiraciones y los proyectos educativos postsecundarios de jóvenes estudiantes chilenos, considerando el rol y la incidencia del soporte familiar en este proceso. Las aspiraciones de cursar estudios superiores es una realidad extendida entre los jóvenes, aunque es posible identificar racionalidades diversas asociadas a las opciones formativas y los itinerarios previstos para alcanzar estos objetivos. El entorno familiar juega un rol importante en la construcción del proyecto personal de los estudiantes, existiendo una alta valoración del soporte que estos brindan para el logro de las metas educacionales. Con todo, la experiencia varía en relación a las características de este apoyo para la toma de decisiones individuales, como también en las estrategias de presión o exigencias para el cumplimiento de obligaciones y objetivos en la educación superior, evidenciándose diferencias importantes de acuerdo al nivel socioeconómico de las familias.
RESUMO: Este artigo analisa as aspirações e os projetos educativos pós-ensino médio de jovens estudantes chilenos, considerando o papel e a incidência do suporte familiar nesse processo. O desejo de cursar o ensino superior é uma realidade presente entre os jovens, ainda que seja possível identificar diversas lógicas associadas às opções formativas e aos itinerários previstos para alcançar esse objetivo. O entorno familiar tem um papel importante na construção do projeto pessoal dos estudantes, havendo uma grande valorização do apoio existente para se conquistar as metas educacionais. Contudo, a experiência varia em relação às características de tal apoio para a tomada de decisões individuais, como também em relação às estratégias de pressão ou exigências para o cumprimento de obrigações e objetivos na educação superior, evidenciando-se, assim, diferenças importantes de acordo com o nível socioeconômico das famílias.
ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the aspirations and post -secondary educational projects of Chilean students, considering the role and impact of family support in this process. The aspirations of continuing higher education is a widespread reality among young people, although it is possible to identify various rationalities associated with education options and itineraries foreseen to achieve these objectives. The family environment plays an important role in building the personal project of students, demonstrating a high evaluation of family support for achieving educational goals. However, experience varies in relation to the characteristics of such support for individual decision and the pressure strategies or requirements for the achievement of obligations in higher education, showing significant differences according to socio-economic level of the families.
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En la literatura se destacan numerosas variables que contribuyen a predecir el rendimiento académico. En tal sentido, el apoyo parentales considerado como una causa distal temprana del mismo. Sin embargo, existen resultados contradictorios en cuanto a su contribución, debido a los diferentes modos de operacionalizar dicho constructo. El objetivo del trabajo que se informa consistió en continuar los estudios de adaptación de la Escala de Apoyo Parental, iniciados por Aparicio y Cupani (2008). Específicamente se obtuvo evidencia de estructura interna y se exploró la contribución explicativa que realiza el apoyo parental en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, considerando el tipo de institución a la que asisten (pública o privada) y el nivel socioeconómico de sus padres. Los resultados indican que se logró replicar la estructura original de cuatro factores de la Escala de Apoyo Parental (Sehee & Hsiu-Zu, 2005). El estudio de consistencia interna indicó valores aceptables para tres de las cuatro escalas definidas teóricamente. Tanto en instituciones educativas públicas como privadas se observó que la percepción de apoyo parental se incrementa cuando el desempeño de los alumnos es bajo. Particularmente, la aspiración educacional de los padres y la supervisión que realizan sobre sus hijos contribuyeron a explicar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, en colegios públicos y privados, respectivamente. Con respecto al nivel socioeconómico, las familias de nivel medio-alto participan más activamente en la educación de sus hijos. Se discuten los resultados, se sugieren posibles estrategias de intervención y se destacan las limitaciones del estudio realizado.
One of the main purposes in literature related to the field of education has been to identify the variables that contribute to predict academic performance. Particularly, parental support is considered as a distal factor that operates early over time (Byrnes & Miller, 2007). Nevertheless, studies have not identified how parental support triggers the students' academic performance due to the different ways in which this construct has been operationalized. Since in our context it is available an adapted Scale of Parent Support (Aparicio & Cupani, 2008), the present work aims to continue the psychometric studies of the instrument. Specifically, a study of internal structure (confirmatory factor analysis) was developed and explanatory contributions to the academic performance of students were investigated, considering the socioeconomic status of parents and type of institution attended by the students. In this article, participants were 403 adolescents (male and female). They were attending to the third year of high school, in public and private schools of the city of Córdoba (Argentina), and they were between ages 13 to 17 (M = 14.27; SD = .93). The instruments were a questionnaire on socioeconomic status (Comisión de Enlace Institucional, 2006) and a Scale of Parental Support (Aparicio & Cupani, 2008). The students' academic performance was operationalized by the average achieved in the Mathematics during the two semesters of the school year. The results replicated the original four-factor structure of the Scale of Parental Support (Sehee & Hsiu-Zu, 2005). The analysis showed satisfactory internal consistency values for three of the four scales theoretically defined (Communication: .82; Supervision: .77; Parent Educational Aspiration: .77, and Involvement: .61). Both in public and in private schools, it was observed that the perception of parental support increases when student's performance is low. In particular, the educational aspirations of parents and the supervision of their children help to explain the academic performance of students in public and private schools, respectively. With regard to socioeconomic status, it was observed that the families of medium-high status participated more actively in the education of their children. Note that one of the limitations is the way in which the academic performance is measured in Argentina. Indeed, qualifications came from informal assessments designed by the teachers, so that they can be influenced by the particular guidelines of each institution and/or the educational framework of each teacher. Whereas the variables involved in student learning are numerous -among them, not only parental support perceived by students but other propensity factors (personality traits, skills, self-efficacy beliefs, for example) and even the characteristics of the institution-, the results of this study allow an approximation of how the support received by the parents, particularly the Monitoring and Aspiration, contribute to the academic performance of students. These observations have an impact on education because they might be useful to develop programs to maintain and enhance parental involvement in the education of their children. For example, it would be important to work with parents before the school year to encourage communication and participation in their children's educational process.
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a career intervention (pre-test/post-test) that promotes the parental involvement in career issues, particularly with regard to career exploration, career decision-making and perception of parental support. Participants (42 Portuguese students from 8th grade) were asked to answer a set of dilemmas that implied the involvement of their own parents to be solved. Results show a positive impact of the intervention in the environmental exploration. They also indicate that adolescents' perceptions about parents', or caregivers', interest in their career options are positively associated to their own exploration behavior.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de uma intervençãoo vocacional (pré-teste/pós-teste) promotora do envolvimento parental nas questões de carreira, ao nível dos processos de exploragäo vocacional, tomada de decisão de carreira e percepção do suporte parental. Foi pedido aos participantes (42 alunos portugueses de 8° ano) que respondessem a um conjunto de dilemas que implicavam o envolvimento dos pais na sua resolugäo. Os resultados revelam um impacto positivo da intervenção na dimensäo exploragäo do meio e indicam que a perceção do adolescente acerca do interesse dos seus pais, ou cuidadores, relativamente ás suas opções de carreira surge positivamente associado aos comportamentos de exploração.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, en una intervención vocacional (pre-test/post-test), el impacto que provoca la participación de los padres en asuntos vinculados con la elección de la carrera, particularmente en lo que respecta a la exploración vocacional, la toma de decisiones, y la percepción del apoyo parental. Se pidió a los participantes (42 estudiantes portugueses de octavo ano) que respondieran un conjunto de dilemas que exigían la participación de los padres en su solución. Los resultados revelan un impacto positivo de la intervención en la dimensión exploración del medio e indican que la percepción del alumno acerca del interés de sus padres, o cuidadores, respecto a sus elecciones de carrera aparece asociado, de manera positiva, a sus comportamientos de exploración.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Education, Primary and Secondary , Parental Consent , Students , Vocational EducationABSTRACT
Trata-se de um estudo de caso cujo objetivo foi identificar e discutir o lugar da avó como apoio parental para uma paciente adolescente de 15 anos. Baseou-se nos relatos das sessões de psicoterapia, que revelaram o desamparo da adolescente diante da falta de uma rede de proteção social e institucional e apontou a fragilidade materna em resistir a destrutividade que os atos da adolescente lhe impunha. Constatou-se que a avó ocupou um lugar de suporte afetivo para essa adolescente já que sua mãe tinha dificuldades em exercer seu papel parental. A adolescente na psicoterapia pôde perlaborar os desafios relacionais com sua mãe e com a avó. Hipotetiza-se se as transgressões desta adolescente são de significação consciente ou inconsciente que se relacionam à busca de limites e de reconhecimento direcionados a essas duas figuras femininas. O processo psicoterápico permitiu que a adolescente experimentasse seus desafios pulsionais, sem se sentir ameaçada ou invadida por eles...
This is a case study aimed to identify and discuss the place of the grandmother as parental support for a 15-year-old patient. It was based on reports of their psychotherapy sessions, which showed the helplessness of the adolescents regarding the lack of a social safety net and institutional and pointed the mother's fragility to resist the acts of destructiveness imposed by her teenager. It was found that the grandmother occupied a place of emotional support for this teen as her mother had difficulties in exercising her parental role. The adolescent in psychotherapy could work challenges related to her mother and grandmother. It is hypothesized that adolescent transgression relates to conscious or unconscious signification that searches limits and directed the recognition of these two female figures. The psychotherapeutic process allowed this teen to experience her instinctual challenges, without feeling threatened or invaded by them...
Se trata de un estudio de caso que tuvo como objetivo identificar y discutir el lugar de la abuela como apoyo de los padres de una paciente de 15 años. Se basa en los informes de las sesiones de psicoterapia, que revelan el desamparo de la adolescente frente a la falta de una red de protección social e institucional y apunta la fragilidad materna para resistir a la destructividad que los actos de la adolescente le imponían. Se encontró que la abuela ocupaba un lugar de soporte emocional para esa adolescente puesto que su madre tenía dificultades para ejercer su rol parental. La adolescente pudo tener la perbaboración de los problemas relacionales con su madre y su abuela en la psicoterapia. Se hipotetiza si las transgresiones de esa adolescente son de significado consciente o inconsciente y se relacionan con la búsqueda de límites y de reconocimiento dirigidos a esas dos figuras femeninas. El proceso psicoterápico permitió que la adolescente experimentase sus desafíos instintivos sin sentirse amenazada o invadida por ellos...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Case Reports , Family Relations , Intergenerational RelationsABSTRACT
Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar e discutir como os técnicos de Ginástica Artística avaliam a participação dos pais no desenvolvimento atlético das ginastas nas categorias formativas. Trinta e quatro técnicos que estão distribuídos em 29 instituições do Brasil foram entrevistados. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizamos a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Observou-se que a maioria dos técnicos reconhece a importância da participação dos pais e, assim, busca estabelecer canais de comunicação e aproximação para que os mesmos estejam engajados com o cotidiano dos treinamentos e das competições, bem como cientes das suas atitudes, ações e investimentos que são fundamentais para apoiar o sucesso das ginastas no esporte de competição.
This study aimed to identify and discuss how the Artistic Gymnastics coaches perceive the parent's participation on gymnasts sport development in the formative years. Thirty four coaches from 29 sport institutions in Brazil were interviewed. The content analysis technique proposed by Bardin was adopted for data treatment. The results showed that most coaches are aware of the importance of parental involvement and, therefore, they try to establish ways of communication and approaching to ensure that parents are engaged in the daily workouts and competitions, as well as aware of their attitudes, actions and investments that are crucial to support the gymnasts' success at competitive sport.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Athletic Performance , Child , Gymnastics , ParentsABSTRACT
La investigación sobre la violencia escolar y la aceptación (o rechazo) de los adolescentes por su grupo de iguales resulta, todavía poco concluyente. No obstante, se ha observado que los adolescentes violentos y los rechazados informan de problemas en sus relaciones familiares y en la escuela. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre variables familiares, variables escolares y la violencia escolar, en adolescentes rechazados y populares. Participaron 1068 adolescentes de entre 11 y 16 años. Se han calculado modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados muestran que las variables familiares se relacionan de modo diferente con la violencia escolar en rechazados y aceptados: la autoestima familiar ejerce un efecto directo en la violencia escolar en el grupo de rechazados y un efecto indirecto en adolescentes aceptados, mientras que el apoyo del padre se relaciona con la autoestima escolar en el grupo de aceptados pero no en el de rechazados.
Research on school violence and peer acceptance (or rejection) is still inconclusive. However, it has been observed violent and rejected adolescents report problems in their family relationships and school. The present study aims to analyse the relationship between particular family variables, school variables, and school based violence, on the basis of rejected and popular adolescents. Participants were 1068 aged from 11 to 16 years old. Statistical analyses were carried out using structural equation modelling. Results showed family variables are differently related to school-based violence: family self-esteem exerts a direct effect on school-based violence among rejected, and an indirect effect on accepted adolescents, whereas father support are related to school self-esteem among accepted.
A pesquisa sobre violência escolar e a aceitação (ou rejeição) dos adolescentes pelo seu grupo de pares ainda é pouco conclusiva. Entretanto, tem sido observado que os adolescentes violentos e os rejeitados apresentam problemas nas relações familiares e na escola. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre variáveis familiares, variáveis escolares e a violência escolar em adolescentes rejeitados e adolescentes populares. Participaram 1068 adolescentes entre 11 e 16 anos. Foram calculados modelos de equações estruturais. Os resultados mostram que as variáveis familiares se relacionam de modo diferente com a violência escolar em adolescentes rejeitados e aceitos: a autoestima familiar exerce um efeito direto na violência escolar no grupo de rejeitados e um efeito indireto em adolescentes aceitos, entretanto, o apoio do pais se relaciona com a autoestima escolar no grupo de aceitos, porém, não no grupo de rejeitados.